HR & HRM glossary
Speak HR fluently
51 terms across HR, payroll, attendance, compliance, operations and platform — written by the Zaffre team and used in the product.
HR
- HRM (Human Resource Management)The software discipline that manages an organisation’s people: hiring, onboarding, records, leave, attendance, payroll and exit.
- HCM (Human Capital Management)A superset of HRM focused on treating employees as strategic capital: talent acquisition, performance, succession, learning, and compensation strategy.
- HRIS (Human Resource Information System)The system of record for employee data. Where the source of truth for "who works here, in what role, since when" lives.
- HRMS (Human Resource Management System)A platform that combines HRIS (employee records) with operational workflows (leave, attendance, payroll, performance).
- Leave managementTracking time-off requests, balances, accruals and policy compliance.
- OnboardingThe first-30/60/90-days process of integrating a new hire into the company, including documents, training and assets.
- OffboardingThe reverse process of onboarding: clearance, asset recovery, final settlement, and exit paperwork.
- Performance managementThe cycle of setting goals, evaluating progress, calibrating ratings and sharing feedback.
- RecruitmentSourcing, screening and hiring candidates — including the job-requisition, posting, applicant-tracking and offer flow.
- ATS (Applicant Tracking System)Software that moves candidates through hiring stages and stores their application data.
- CV bankA searchable internal database of past applicant CVs for future hiring.
- KPI (Key Performance Indicator)A measurable indicator that signals whether an objective is being met.
- KRA (Key Result Area)A defined area of accountability for an employee — the "what they own" beyond day-to-day tasks.
- OKRs (Objectives & Key Results)A goal-setting framework where each objective is paired with 3–5 measurable key results.
Payroll
- PayrollThe end-to-end process of calculating, approving and disbursing employee compensation, including statutory deductions.
- PayslipA per-employee, per-period statement showing gross pay, deductions and net pay.
- Pay runA single execution of payroll for a defined period and employee set — moves through Draft → Finalized → Approved → Disbursed.
- Overtime (OT)Compensation paid above the regular rate for hours worked beyond the standard schedule.
- Provident Fund (PF)A retirement-savings deduction matched by employer contribution, mandated in many South Asian markets.
- EOBI (Employees’ Old-Age Benefits Institution)Pakistan’s statutory old-age pension scheme — a small employer + employee deduction is mandatory.
- Remittance payrollPaying employees in a foreign currency (e.g. USD / EUR) while their tax residence is in another country (e.g. Pakistan).
- Final settlementThe last pay-out at offboarding: salary owed + leave encashment + bonuses − deductions − loan balances.
Attendance
- AttendanceRecording when employees start work, take breaks, and end work — the input to payroll.
- Face-recognition attendanceVerifying employee identity on check-in using face descriptors computed by an on-device or cloud model.
- Biometric attendanceVerifying employee identity on check-in using a physical biometric — fingerprint, face, iris.
- Shift planA configured working pattern (days, hours, breaks) assigned to an employee or team.
- Remote workWorking from a location other than the employer’s office, with or without a formal agreement.
Compliance
- SLA (Service-Level Agreement)A published commitment to availability, performance or response time — typically expressed as a percentage.
- RPO (Recovery Point Objective)The maximum data loss your business is willing to accept in a disaster — usually measured in hours.
- RTO (Recovery Time Objective)The maximum time the business is willing to be down during a recovery — usually measured in hours.
- GDPR (General Data Protection Regulation)The EU regulation governing how personal data of EU residents may be collected, processed and stored.
- SOC 2An auditable framework for evaluating a SaaS vendor’s security, availability, processing integrity, confidentiality and privacy.
- Audit trailThe full chronological record of who did what, when — typically immutable.
Operations
- ProcurementThe process of requesting, approving, ordering and receiving goods or services from external vendors.
- Purchase order (PO)A formal commitment to buy specified goods or services from a vendor at agreed terms.
- GRN (Goods Receipt Note)The record that goods ordered against a PO have been physically received in good condition.
- Petty cashSmall day-to-day cash spending tracked against an auditable ledger and reimbursement workflow.
- ReimbursementRepaying an employee for an out-of-pocket expense they incurred on behalf of the business.
- Asset managementTracking company-owned assets (laptops, monitors, phones, vehicles) and their assignment to employees.
- InventoryStock of consumable items the business holds for use or resale, tracked by quantity and movement.
- Help deskA ticketing system for internal employees to report issues and request support.
- Project managementCoordinating people, tasks and timelines to deliver a defined outcome.
Tech
- Audit logAn append-only record of every meaningful action taken inside the system.
- RBAC (Role-Based Access Control)A permission model where actions are gated by named roles, not by individual user assignments.
- Multi-tenantA SaaS architecture where multiple customers share the same instance, with strict data isolation per customer.
- JWT (JSON Web Token)A signed token format used by web APIs to represent an authenticated identity.
- RS256JWT signing algorithm using RSA with SHA-256 — asymmetric, so the verifier never has the signing key.
- FCM (Firebase Cloud Messaging)Google’s push-notification service for Android (and cross-platform) clients.
- APNs (Apple Push Notification service)Apple’s push-notification service for iOS, iPadOS and macOS clients.
- SSO (Single Sign-On)A workflow where an employee uses one corporate identity to access many apps without re-authenticating.
- WebhookAn HTTP callback fired by one system to notify another that something happened.